Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta
International Conference on Cultures & Languages

THE SHIFT FROM LANGGAR TO MADRASA: CONTESTATION AND INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN SOUTH SULAWESI (1900–1942)

Date Published : 4 September 2025

Contributors

Chaerul Mundzir

Author

Susmihara

Author

Hasaruddin

Author

Muhammad Husni

Author

Sitti Nurunnisa Maulida A

Author

Keywords

Madrasah Langgar Colonialism Zending en missie South Sulawesi

Proceeding

(2025): Special Issue: Cultural Resilience and Digital Literacy for a Diverse Society

Track

General Track

License

Copyright (c) 2025 International Conference on Cultures & Languages

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Abstract

This article explores the transformation of Islamic education in South Sulawesi from the traditional langgar system to the more structured form of madrasah during the period 1900– 1942. The study aims to identify the social, political, and religious dynamics that underpinned the shift in Islamic education amidst Dutch colonial pressures and Christian missionary expansion. Utilizing a historical approach and descriptive-analytical method, this article provides a historical account of the emergence of madrasahs as both an adaptive response to modern challenges and a form of resistance to the hegemony of colonial education. The findings reveal that madrasahs were not merely a continuation of traditional langgar, but also institutional innovations that integrated elements of modernity, such as graded systems, structured curricula, and academic evaluations, while maintaining the core values of Islamic teachings. Madrasahs became ideological and cultural arenas of contestation between Islamic and secular colonial educational systems. Local scholars such as Anregurutta Sulaiman and H. Muhammad As’ad played crucial roles in establishing and developing madrasahs in regions like Sengkang, Bone, and Luwu. This article concludes that the transformation of Islamic educational institutions reflects the Muslim community’s endeavor to preserve religious identity and create a competitive educational foundation within the colonial structure.

References

Abdurrahman, D. (2011). Metodologi Penelitian Sejarah Islam (1st ed.). Penerbit Ombak. Agustina, A., Alawi, M. A., & Iskarim, M. (2024). Madrasah dan Eksistensinya dalam Pembaharuan Pendidikan Islam Masa Penjajahan Belanda dan Jepang. Journal ISTIGHNA, 7(2), 141–156. https://doi.org/10.33853/istighna.v7i2.439
Ali, M., Wahyudi, D., & Komalasari, R. (2021). Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Klasik di Nusantara: Studi Terhadap Langgar. Ri’ayah: Jurnal Sosial Dan Keagamaan, 6(01), 29–47. https://doi.org/10.32332/riayah.v6i01.2259
Annisa Urrobingah, Apri Akmal Muzaky, Mei Fajri Rahayu, & Fahri Hidayat. (2024). History and Dynamics of Madrasas in Indonesia. Kasyafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 1(1), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.61166/kasyafa.v1i1.3
Arief, S. (2008). Dinamika Jaringan Intelektual Pesantren di Sulawesi Selatan. Lentera Pendidikan : Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah Dan Keguruan, 11(2), 167–181. https://doi.org/10.24252/lp.2008v11n2a3
Aripin, S. (2018). Revitalisasi Pendidikan Islam pada Madrasah. Kordinat: Jurnal Komunikasi Antar Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam, 17(1), 167–186. https://doi.org/10.15408/kordinat.v17i1.8101
Azra, A. (2013). Jaringan Ulama Timur Tengah Dan Kepulauan Nusantara Abad XVII & XVIII Akar Pembaharuan Islam Nusantara. Kencana.
Azra, A. (2017). Surau: Pendidikan Islam Tradisi dalam Transisi dan Modernisasi (1st ed.). Penerbit Kencana.
https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=q_W3DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR2&dq=s urau+langgar+pesantren&ots=XzGA9HwRmb&sig=k-RUN4e5k0aGFvPvV9tMWe8ki8I
Burhanudin, J. (2012). Ulama dan Kekuasaan: Pergumulan Elite Politik Muslim Dalam Sejarah Indonesia. NouraBooks. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=smWGAwAAQBAJ
Cribb, R., & Kahin, A. (2012). Kamus Sejarah Indonesia (Z. Hae, Ed.; 1st ed.). Penerbit Komunitas Bambu.
Derksen, M. (2016). Local Intermediaries? The Missionising and Governing of Colonial Subjects in South Dutch New Guinea, 1920–42. The Journal of Pacific History, 51(2), 111–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223344.2016.1195075
Enhas, M. I. G., Zahara, A. N., & Basri, B. (2023). Sejarah, Transformasi, dan Adaptasi Lembaga Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. Jurnal Intelektual: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Keislaman, 13(3), 289–310. https://doi.org/10.33367/ji.v13i3.4457
Fatimah, H. S., & Parninsih, I. (2022). Integration of Pesantren And Mosque Function in Teaching Islam in South Sulawesi And Their Significance towards Consistency of Religious Moderation. Kawalu: Journal o Local Culture, 1. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/567823070.pdf
Fitri, A. (2023). Sejarah Kebangkitan Madrasah Sebagai Lembaga Pendidikan Islam. 22(2). Furqan, M. (2019). Surau dan Pesantren sebagai Lembaga Pengembang Masyarakat Islam di Indonesia (Kajian Perspektif Historis). Jurnal Al-Ijtimaiyyah, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.22373/al-ijtimaiyyah.v5i1.5132
Gaffar, S., & Takbir M, M. (2018). Modernisasi Pendidikan Islam Abad Ke 20 di Sulawesi Selatan. EL-HIKMAH: Jurnal Kajian Dan Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 12(1), 31–52. https://doi.org/10.20414/elhikmah.v12i1.242
Hamid, W. (2018). Jaringan Ulama Awal Abad XX Kabupaten Sidrap dan Parepare. PUSAKA, 6(2), 171–182. https://doi.org/10.31969/pusaka.v6i2.53
Harlinda, Bahaking Rama, & Muhammad Yahdi. (2023). Pendidikan Islam Pada Masa Awal di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Sosial, 2(2), 152–160. https://doi.org/10.58540/jipsi.v2i2.352
Ilmi, A. F. U. (2022). Pekabaran Injil di Afdeeling Makassar, 1930–1950-an. Lembaran Sejarah, 17(2), 159. https://doi.org/10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.72539
Ismail. (2022). Perkembangan Pendidikan Islam masa Awal di Sulawesi. Hijaz: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 2(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.57251/hij.v2i2.769
Kartodirjo, S. (1993). Pendekatan Ilmu Sosial dalam Metodologi Sejarah (II). Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Kusdiana, A. (2023). The Ductch Colonial Policies on Religion and Education in the Dutch Indies (1889-1942). Khazanah Sosial, 5(3), 578–585. https://doi.org/10.15575/ks.v5i3.24736
Mattulada. (1998). Sejarah, Masyarakat dan Kebudayaan di Sulawesi Selatan (1st ed.).
Hasanuddin University.
Mokodenseho, S., Kurdi, M. S., Idris, M., Rumondor, P., & Solong, N. P. (2023). Elaboration of the History of Islamic Education in the Dutch Colonial Period. Journal of Islamic Education Policy, 8(2).
Muslim, M. (2021). Pertumbuhan Insititusi Pendidikan Awal di Indonesia: Pesantren, Surau dan Dayah. Jurnal Bilqolam Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.51672/jbpi.v2i1.45
Nasir, M., Rama, B., & Yahdi, M. (2023). Pendidikan Islam Pada Masa Awal Di Indonesia. Edu Sociata: Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi, 6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33627/es.v6i2.1637
Pawiloy, S., Kamar, I. D., Rahim, A. R., Padulungi, B., & Idris, R. (1981). Sejarah Pendidikan Daerah Sulawesi Selatan (M. Safwan & S. Kutoyo, Eds.). Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Pelras, C. (1993). Religion, Tradition, and the Dynamics of Islamization in South Sulawesi. Indonesia, 57, 133. https://doi.org/10.2307/3351245
Pradewi, A., S Agung, L., & Kurniawan, A. D. (2019). Peran Zending Dalam Pendidikan Di Surakarta Tahun 1910-1942 dan Relevansinya Dengan Materi Sejarah Pendidikan. Page Header Logo Candi: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Penelitian Sejarah, 19(2).
Sewang, A. M. (2005). Islamisasi Kerajaan Gowa-Abad XVI Sampai Abad XVII (1st ed.). Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Sjamsuddin, H. (2005). Metodologi Sejarah. Penerbit Ombak.
Syah, M. A., Zalnur, M., & Masyudi, F. (2025). Sejarah dan Dinamika Pembaharuan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam di Nusantara: Surau, Pesantren dan Madrasah. Jurnal Ilmiah Nusantara, 2(1).

Downloads

How to Cite

Chaerul Mundzir, C. M., Susmihara, S., Hasaruddin, H., Muhammad Husni, M. H., & Sitti Nurunnisa Maulida A, S. N. M. A. (2025). THE SHIFT FROM LANGGAR TO MADRASA: CONTESTATION AND INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN SOUTH SULAWESI (1900–1942). International Conference on Cultures & Languages, 11-27. https://conferences.uinsaid.ac.id/iccl/paper/view/369